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Leistungssport und die genetische Lotterie
– Die Notwendigkeit stärker differenzierter Wettkampfklassen Benjamin Huppert & Joachim Wündisch Band 3, Heft 2 (Dezember), 2016, S. 143–176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/3.2.5 PhilPapers: https://philpapers.org/rec/HUPLUD URN: urn:nbn:at:at-ubs:3-2843 |
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| ZfPP 2 206 Huppert Wündisch |
Abstract: Leistungssportlerinnen, die in populären Sportarten erfolgreich sind, kommen in den Genuss hoher Einkommen und großen sozialen Ansehens. Gleichzeitig ist ihr Erfolg von Voraussetzungen abhängig, die zu einem signifikanten Teil von ihrem Genotyp bestimmt werden. Diesen Sportlern werden also durch gesellschaftliche Prozesse substantielle Vorteile aufgrund von Eigenschaften zuteil, auf deren Vorhandensein sie keinen Einfluss haben. Wir untersuchen, wie wir vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen mit diesem Phänomen umgehen sollten. Wir argumentieren, dass die konsistente Berücksichtigung von Intuitionen zur gerechten Güterverteilung an Wettkämpferinnen eine deutliche Ausweitung des Einsatzes von Wettkampfklassen erfordert. Die bestehenden Ungleichverteilungen lassen sich nicht allein mit Verweis auf ein Recht auf Selbsteigentum rechtfertigen. Sie verursachen auch keine Verbesserungen der Lage von besonders schlecht gestellten Individuen im Wirkungsbereich des Leistungssports, auf die zugunsten ihres Weiterbestehens verwiesen werden könnte. Trotz des erheblichen Aufwandes und der deutlichen Veränderungen im Charakter des Leistungssports, die mit der vorgeschlagenen Differenzierung von Wettkampfklassen einhergingen, ist diese Maßnahme geboten.
Schlagwörter: Wettkampf, Verdienst, genetische Lotterie, Selbsteigentum, Rawls
English version:
Competitive sport and genetic lottery – The need for more differentiated competition classes
Competitive athletes who are successful in popular sports enjoy high income and great social prestige. At the same time, their success depends on certain preconditions, which are significantly determined by their genotype. Consequently, these athletes are granted substantive benefits through social processes, due to characteristics which are beyond their control. We analyse how we should deal with this phenomenon, considering different concepts of justice. We argue that a consistent consideration of intuitions for just distribution of goods for athletes requires a considerable expansion of the use of competition classes. The established unequal distribution cannot be justified by reference to the right to self-ownership. They also do not cause improvements for the less well-off individuals in the field of competitive sport, which otherwise could have been used as argument in favour of their continued existence. Despite considerable effort and significant changes in the nature of competitive sport, which led to the suggested differentiation of competition classes, this measure is required.
Key words: Competition, Income, Genetic Lottery, Self-Ownership, Rawls
Schlagwörter: Wettkampf, Verdienst, genetische Lotterie, Selbsteigentum, Rawls
English version:
Competitive sport and genetic lottery – The need for more differentiated competition classes
Competitive athletes who are successful in popular sports enjoy high income and great social prestige. At the same time, their success depends on certain preconditions, which are significantly determined by their genotype. Consequently, these athletes are granted substantive benefits through social processes, due to characteristics which are beyond their control. We analyse how we should deal with this phenomenon, considering different concepts of justice. We argue that a consistent consideration of intuitions for just distribution of goods for athletes requires a considerable expansion of the use of competition classes. The established unequal distribution cannot be justified by reference to the right to self-ownership. They also do not cause improvements for the less well-off individuals in the field of competitive sport, which otherwise could have been used as argument in favour of their continued existence. Despite considerable effort and significant changes in the nature of competitive sport, which led to the suggested differentiation of competition classes, this measure is required.
Key words: Competition, Income, Genetic Lottery, Self-Ownership, Rawls
