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Normative Wahrheiten ohne Ontologie? Derek Parfit und der „neue“ Non-Naturalismus
Markus Rüther Band 3, Heft 2 (Dezember), 2016, S. 187–220 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/3.2.7 PhilPapers: philpapers.org/rec/RTHNWO-2 URN: urn:nbn:at:at-ubs:3-2839 |
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| ZfPP 2 2016 Rüther |
Abstract: Das Thema des Beitrages bildet der „neue“ Non-Naturalismus, welcher exemplarisch am metaethischen Ansatz von Derek Parfit untersucht wird. Parfits Ansatz zeichnet sich durch das Ziel aus, eine neue Theorienoption zu ermöglichen, die einerseits von der Existenz normativer Tatsachen ausgeht, ohne jedoch andererseits auf die ontologischen Verpflichtungen der klassischen Vertreter des Non-Naturalismus festgelegt zu sein. Hierfür wird der Begriff der „nicht-ontologischen Existenz“ eingeführt und von robusten ontologischen Existenzweisen unterschieden. In diesem Beitrag wird dafür argumentiert, dass Parfit bisher nur Explikationen dieses zentralen Begriffs geliefert hat, die a.) uninformativ sind, b.) mit dem Ziel der Ausgangstheorie in Konkurrenz geraten oder c.) den eigenen Absatz bereits unter der Hand aufgeben. Darüber hinaus werden die dialektischen Möglichkeiten durchgespielt, die Parfit bleiben, um auf diese Diagnose zu reagieren. In der Konsequenz wird aber auch diesbezüglich aufgezeigt, dass mit Blick auf deren Erfolgsaussichten eine gewisse Skepsis angebracht ist.
Schlagwörter: Realismus, Naturalismus, Werte, Metaethik, Intuitionismus
English version:
Normative Truth without Ontology? Derek Parfit and the „new“ Non-Naturalism
The topic of this article is the “new“ Non-Naturalism, which is examined exemplarily on the meta-ethical approach of Derek Parfit. Parfits approach is characterised by the aim to allow for a new theory, which on the one side presumes the existence of normative facts, but at the same time is not determined by the ontological obligations of the traditional representatives of Non-Naturalism. For this purpose, the term “non-ontological existence” is introduced and differentiated from robust ontological modes of existence. In this article it is argued that so far Parfit has only provided explications of this central term, which are a.) uninformative; b.) in competition with the initial theory or c.) already give up the own approach backhandedly. Furthermore, dialectical opportunities, which are left for Parfit to react to this diagnosis, are gone through. As a consequence, it will also be shown that scepticism regarding their prospects of success is warranted.
Key words: Realism, Naturalism, Values, Meta-ethics, Intuitionism
Schlagwörter: Realismus, Naturalismus, Werte, Metaethik, Intuitionismus
English version:
Normative Truth without Ontology? Derek Parfit and the „new“ Non-Naturalism
The topic of this article is the “new“ Non-Naturalism, which is examined exemplarily on the meta-ethical approach of Derek Parfit. Parfits approach is characterised by the aim to allow for a new theory, which on the one side presumes the existence of normative facts, but at the same time is not determined by the ontological obligations of the traditional representatives of Non-Naturalism. For this purpose, the term “non-ontological existence” is introduced and differentiated from robust ontological modes of existence. In this article it is argued that so far Parfit has only provided explications of this central term, which are a.) uninformative; b.) in competition with the initial theory or c.) already give up the own approach backhandedly. Furthermore, dialectical opportunities, which are left for Parfit to react to this diagnosis, are gone through. As a consequence, it will also be shown that scepticism regarding their prospects of success is warranted.
Key words: Realism, Naturalism, Values, Meta-ethics, Intuitionism
